3 Kingdoms: Old, Middle & New | Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt spanned nearly 3,000 years. To better understand the ebb and flow of this vibrant civilization, Egyptologists introduced three clusters, splitting this vast period …
Climate and Geography of Ancient Egypt
Geography shaped how ancient Egyptians thought of their land. They perceived their country to be divided into two distinct geographical zones. Kemet the black land …
Pharaoh Senusret I: Accomplishments & Family Lineage
Senusret I was the second pharaoh in Egypt’s Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. He ruled Egypt from c. 1971 BC to 1926 BC and …
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Pharaoh Ramses III: Family Lineage & Murder Conspiracy
Ramses III was the Second pharaoh in the 20th Dynasty of Egypt’s New Kingdom. Egyptologists recognize Pharaoh Ramses III as the last of the great …
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Eye of Horus – Complete Guide on the Meaning Behind the Symbol
The ancient Egyptians lived in a society that is considered to be one of the most fascinating in human history. The people of that time …
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The City of Memphis During Ancient Egypt
Legend has it that King Menes (c. 3150 BCE) founded Memphis in c. 3100 B.C. Other surviving records credit Hor-Aha Menes’ successor with Memphis’ construction. …
Temple of Edfu (Temple of Horus)
Today, The temple of Edfu in Upper Egypt between Luxor and Aswan is one of the most beautiful and best-preserved in all of Egypt. Known …
Great Pyramid of Giza
Anyone who has ever gazed upon the Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or Cheops) can only stand in awe …
Xois: Ancient Egyptian Town
Xois or Khaset or Khasut as the Egyptians knew it was a large Egyptian town, ancient even by the time of the 14th Dynasty. It …
Thutmose II
Thutmose II who is believed by Egyptologists to have reigned from c. 1493 to 1479 BC. He was the 18th dynasty’s (c. 1549/1550 to 1292 …
Ancient Egyptian Cities & Regions
The distinctive geography of ancient Egypt with a narrow strip of lush fertile land surrounded by desert saw its cities built close to the Nile …
Pharaoh Snefru: His Ambitious Pyramids & Monuments
Snefru (or Sneferu) was the founding Pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty in Egypt’s Old Kingdom. Following his death, his ancient Egyptian subjects remembered him as …
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The Decline & Fall of the Ancient Egyptian Empire
The ancient Egyptian Empire as we know it today emerged at the time of the New Kingdom (c. 1570 to c. 1069 BCE). This was …
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Saqqara: Ancient Egyptian Burial Ground
At the heart of ancient Egypt’s culture lay a deep reverence for and belief in the afterlife. Enormous care was taken to create vast necropolises …
Men & Women’s Jobs In Ancient Egypt
As with other contemporary civilizations, ancient Egypt’s economy was dependent on a mix of both unskilled and skilled labour. How ancient Egypt organized its labour …
Pharaoh Ramses I: Military Origins, Reign & Missing Mummy
Egyptologists believe Ramses I (or Ramesses I) was descended from a military family hailing from Egypt’s northeast delta region. Horemheb the final king in ancient …
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Howard Carter: The Man Who Discovered King Tut’s Tomb in 1922
Since Howard Carter discovered King Tutankhamun’s tomb in 1922, the world has been gripped by a mania for ancient Egypt. The find propelled Howard Carter …
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The Hieroglyphic Alphabet
Hieroglyphics was a system of writing developed by the ancient Egyptians around c. 3200 BC. These hieroglyphics were based on a system of several hundred …
King Tutankhamun: Facts & FAQs
Who was King Tutankhamun? Tutankhamun was the 12th king of ancient Egypt’s 18th dynasty. His enduring fame is due more to the vast riches found …
Ancient Egyptian Calendar
The Ancient Egyptians relied on a lunar calendar until they migrated to a solar based calendar. While the exact genesis of the ancient Egyptians calendar …
Love and Marriage In Ancient Egypt
While some elements of marriage in ancient Egypt appear on the surface to be similar to those customs of today, other ancient conventions were radically …
Ancient Egyptian Temples & List of Structures Rich In Meaning
The ancient Egyptians led a rich theological life. With 8,700 deities in their pantheon, religion played a central part in both their society and their …
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Xerxes I – King of Persia
Xerxes I was Persia’s king from 486 to 465 B.C. His reign continued the Achaemenid Dynasty. He has come to be known to historians as …
How Ancient Egyptian Houses Were Made & The Materials Used
As with other cultures, the home was the centre of social life. Ancient Egyptian homes were built to a generally common layout using a limited …
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Hathor – Cow Goddess of Motherhood and Foreign Lands
Thanks to her role as the ancient Egyptian goddess of kindness and love, Hathor was one of the most popular deities, worshipped by pharaohs and …
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Ra: The Powerful Sun God
In a religious pantheon brimming with 8,700 gods, the ancient Egyptians worshipped Ra ahead of all other gods. After all, Ra was the Egyptian god …
Tomb of Tutankhamun
Today, Tutankhamun’s tomb is considered to be one of the world’s great art treasures. When his burial items go on tour, they continue to draw …
Tutankhamun
Few Pharaohs have captured the public imagination over succeeding generations than the young Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Ever since Howard Carter discovered his tomb in 1922, the …
Pharaoh Neferefre: Royal Lineage, Reign & Pyramid
Neferefre may not be amongst the most high profile of Egyptian pharaohs, however, he is one of the most thoroughly documented kings of the Old …
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The Great Sphinx of Giza
An icon of ancient Egyptian culture, the enigmatic Great Sphinx of Giza is one of the most instantly recognizable artifacts in the world. Hewn from …
Isis: Goddess of Fertility, Motherhood, Marriage, Medicine & Magic
In ancient Egypt, Isis was the much-loved goddess of fertility, motherhood, marriage, medicine and magic. Myths and legends abounded in the ancient world about Isis …
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Government in Ancient Egypt
That the ancient Egyptian civilization proved so resilient and endured for thousands of years was in no small part due to the system of government …
Amun: God of Air, Sun, Life & Fertility
Ancient Egypt was a culture rich in theological beliefs. In a religious cosmos featuring 8,700 major and minor deities, one god, Amun was consistently depicted …
Ancient Egyptian Technology: Advances & Inventions
The ancient Egyptian concept of ma’at or harmony and balance in all things lay at the heart of their approach to technology. Harmony and balance …
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Ancient Egyptian Mummies
Alongside the pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx, when we think of ancient Egypt, we immediately summon an image of an eternal mummy, swathed in …
Ancient Egyptian Medicine
Ancient Egyptian medical practises were so advanced that many of their procedures and observations were not eclipsed by western medicine for centuries following the fall …
Religion In Ancient Egypt
Religion in ancient Egypt permeated every facet of society. Ancient Egyptian religion combined theological beliefs, ritual ceremonies, magical practices and spiritualism. Religion’s central role in …
The Valley of the Kings
While Egypt’s Old Kingdom poured resources into building the Giza Pyramids and tombs in the Nile Delta, New Kingdom pharaohs, searched for a southern location …
Education In Ancient Egypt
Education in ancient Egypt was shaped by its conservative social system. While education was valued, it was largely restricted to the children of those with …
Geb: Egyptian God of the Earth
Geb was the ancient Egyptian god of the earth. He was also one of the second generations of the nine gods who formed the Ennead …
The River Nile in Ancient Egypt
Surely one of the world’s most evocative rivers as well as being its longest, the mighty Nile River surges imperiously ever northwards 6,650 kilometres (4,132 …
Ancient Egyptian Sports
People have played sports seemingly since the dawn of time when the first cities and organized civilisations emerged. Unsurprisingly, ancient Egyptians enjoyed both individual and …
Ancient Port of Alexandria
Modern Alexandria is a port set on Egypt’s northern Mediterranean coast. Following his conquest of Syria in 332 BCE, Alexander the Great invaded Egypt and …
Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut
One of the signature actions expected of every Egyptian pharaoh was the commissioning of monumental construction projects. These projects would celebrate the achievements of the …
Ramesseum: Ancient Funerary Temple
The Ramesseum is a monumental funerary temple honouring Ramses II or Ramses the Great. It was commissioned to serve the king’s mortuary cult after Ramses’ …
Hatshepsut: The Queen with the Authority of a Pharaoh
Hatshepsut (1479-1458 BCE) is considered to be one of ancient Egypt’s most revered if controversial rulers. Celebrated by Egyptologists as a commanding female sovereign whose …
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Karnak (Temple of Amun)
Modern-day Karnak is the contemporary name for the ancient Egyptian Temple of Amun. Set at Thebes, the ancient Egyptian referred to the site as Ipetsut, …
Ancient Egyptian Games and Toys
When we think of the ancient Egyptians, we summon images of Giza’s pyramids, the vast Abu Simbel temple complex, the Valley of the Dead or …
20 Most Famous Ancient Egyptian Gods
At the heart of ancient Egypt’s culture is the belief in a host of deities and the central role they played in everyday life and …
Abu Simbel: Temple Complex
Symbolising ancient Egypt’s cultural richness the Abu Simbel temple complex is a breathtaking statement of political and religious power. Originally carved into living rock, Abu …
Queen Nefertari
Nefertari means ‘beautiful companion’ and was the first of Rameses the Great’s Great Royal Wives. Known also as Nefertari Meritmutor or ‘Beloved of the goddess …
Nefertiti Bust
Surely one of the most enigmatic examples of ancient Egyptian art ever to come down to us through the passing centuries is the bust of …
Obelisks in Ancient Egypt
Giza may have its pyramids and its sphinx; however, its obelisks are one of the most enduring and most widely travelled icons of ancient Egyptian …
The Eye of Ra
In ancient Egyptian religious lore, the Eye of Ra is an entity representing a female analog to Ra Egypts sun god. When unleashed it is …
Ancient Egyptian Vizier
Each pharaoh had a kingdom to rule and government ministers and officials together with an army and police force to help him rule. Overseeing the …
Seth: God of Chaos, Storms and War
Seth was ancient Egypt’s god of chaos, storms and war. Also known to the ancient Egyptians as Seth and Suetekh, Seth was the brother of …
Nut – Egyptian Sky Goddess
Religion for the ancient Egyptians mined a rich seam of belief. They worshipped over 8,700 gods and goddesses with each playing an integral role in …
Queen Ankhesenamun: Her Mysterious Death & Tomb KV63
Perhaps only Cleopatra VII has such a tragic story as the turbulent personal history of the vanishing Princess Ankhesenamun. Born around c. 1350 B.C. Ankhesenamun …
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Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics
Today, ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics are amongst the world’s most recognizable images. Developed just before the dawn of Egypt’s Early Dynastic Period (c. 3150 -2613 BCE), …
Abydos: During Ancient Egypt
Set inland 10 kilometres (six miles) from the Nile River in Upper Egypt, Abydos emerged as a centre of gravity in ancient Egypt’s rich religious …